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Disease Profile
Multiple sclerosis
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
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Age of onset
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ICD-10
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Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
MS
Categories
Immune System Diseases
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disorder that affects the
Symptoms
Muscle symptoms may include loss of balance, muscle spasms, numbness or abnormal sensation in any area, problems moving arms or legs, problems walking, problems with coordination and making small movements, and tremor or weakness in one or more arms or legs. Bowel and bladder symptoms may include constipation and
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
---|---|---|
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO | ||
CNS demyelination | 0007305 | |
Depressivity |
Depression
|
0000716 |
Diplopia |
Double vision
|
0000651 |
Emotional lability |
Emotional instability
|
0000712 |
Incoordination |
Difficulties in coordination
Incoordination of limb movements
Limb incoordination
[ more ] |
0002311 |
Multifactorial inheritance | 0001426 | |
Muscle weakness |
Muscular weakness
|
0001324 |
Paresthesia |
Pins and needles feeling
Tingling
[ more ] |
0003401 |
Spasticity |
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm
|
0001257 |
Urinary hesitancy |
Difficulty with flow
|
0000019 |
Urinary incontinence |
Loss of bladder control
|
0000020 |
Cause
The most widely accepted theory is that MS begins as an autoimmune disorder, where
Additional theories regarding the cause of MS include chronic viral infections and genetic disease. Although many
Vitamin D is another area of interest. Those who are exposed to more sunlight tend to have higher levels of naturally-produced vitamin D, which is thought to support the immune function and may help protect against immune-mediated diseases like MS.[6]
Further information on the cause of MS is available at the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Web site.
Diagnosis
"Dissemination in time and space" are commonly-used criteria for diagnosing the relapsing-remitting form of MS (RR-MS). "Dissemination in time means" that there are at least two clinical attacks, each lasting at least 24 hours, separated by at least one month, or a slow, step-wise progressive course for at least six months. "Dissemination in space" means that there are lesions in more than one area of the brain or spinal cord. For primary progressive MS (PP-MS), there are currently no diagnostic criteria that are universally accepted.[2]
Physicians may do many tests to evaluate an individual suspected of having MS.
Treatment
FDA-Approved Treatments
The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Learn more orphan products.
- Dalfampridine(Brand name: Ampyra) Manufactured by Acorda Therapeutics
FDA-approved indication: Treatment to improve walking in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal - Interferon beta-1a (recombinant human)(Brand name: Avonex) Manufactured by Biogen, Inc.
FDA-approved indication: Treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis to slow the accumulation of physical disability and decrease the frequency of clinical exacerbations.
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal
Medline Plus Health Information - Interferon beta-1b(Brand name: Betaseron) Manufactured by Chiron Corp. & Berlex Laboratories
FDA-approved indication: In ambulatory patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to reduce the frequency of clinical exacerbations.
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal
Medline Plus Health Information - Glatiramer acetate(Brand name: Copaxone®) Manufactured by Teva Pharmaceuticals USA
FDA-approved indication: For reduction of the frequency of relapses in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal
Medline Plus Health Information - Baclofen(Brand name: Lioresal® (injection)) Manufactured by Medtronic, Inc.
FDA-approved indication: Management of severespasticity of spinal cord origin in patients who are unresponsive to oral baclofen therapy or experience intolerableCNS side effects at effective doses.
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal
Medline Plus Health Information
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Supporting this Disease
-
Accelerated Cure Project for Multiple Sclerosis
460 Totten Pond Road
Suite 140
Waltham , MA 02451
Telephone: +1-781-487-0008
Fax: +1-781-487-0009
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.acceleratedcure.org/ -
Multiple Sclerosis Association of America
375 Kings Highway North
Cherry Hill, NJ 08034
Toll-free: 1-800-532-7667
Telephone: +1-856-488-4500
Fax: +1-856-661-9797
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://mymsaa.org/ -
Multiple Sclerosis Foundation
6520 North Andrews Avenue
Fort. Lauderdale, FL 33309-2132
Toll-free: 1888-MSFOCUS (673-6287)
Telephone: +1-954-776-6805
Fax: +1-954-351-0630
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://msfocus.org/ -
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
733 Third Avenue, 6th Floor
New York, NY 10017-3288
Toll-free: 1-800-344-4867
Telephone: +1-212-986-3240
Fax: +1-212-986-7981
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.nationalmssociety.org/
Organizations Providing General Support
-
American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association (AARDA)
19176 Hall Road, Suite 130
Clinton Township, MI 48038
Toll-free: 800-598-4668
Telephone: 586-776-3900
Fax: 586-776-3903
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.aarda.org/
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
- MedlinePlus Genetics contains information on Multiple sclerosis. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
- The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers.
- The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) collects and disseminates research information related to neurological disorders. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
In-Depth Information
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Multiple sclerosis. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
Press Releases
- On August 13, 2007, The National Institutes of Health (NIH) posted an article titled Genes Linked to Multiple Sclerosis, which discusses 2 genes that influence the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. Click on the name of the article to read more.
References
- What is Multiple Sclerosis?. National MS Society Web site. https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS. Accessed 11/20/2015.
- Stüve O, Oksenberg J. Multiple Sclerosis Overview. GeneReviews. May 11, 2010; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1316/. Accessed 11/20/2015.
- Multiple Sclerosis. Genetics Home Reference. April 2013; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/multiple-sclerosis.
- Zieve D. Multiple Sclerosis. PubMed Health. August 5, 2010; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001747/. Accessed 3/30/2011.
- Olek MJ, Mowry E. Pathogenesis and epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. In: Gonzalez-Scarano F ed.,. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; Last updated June 2, 2015; Accessed 9/3/2015.
- What Causes MS?. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/What-Causes-MS. Accessed 9/3/2015.
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